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What is the production process of stainless steel coils
source：www.cnlichao.net | Release time：2026年07月28日The mainstream route of steel mills: electric arc furnace smelting → AOD refining → continuous casting billet → hot rolling (producing hot-rolled coils); Hot rolled coils are used as raw materials and then enter the cold rolling process to produce cold-rolled stainless steel coils.
1、 Overall outline of the entire process
Raw material smelting → continuous casting slab → hot rolling production line → hot rolling stainless steel coil
Hot rolled coil → acid pickling/grinding → cold rolling mill → annealing acid pickling (bright annealing) → finishing → cold rolled stainless steel coil (2B, BA and other finished products)
2、 Segmented detailed process
1. Phase 1: Smelting and continuous casting (preparation of steel billets)
Ingredient melting
Chromium nickel iron alloy raw materials and waste stainless steel are put into an electric arc furnace (EAF) and melted into crude steel.
AOD/VOD refining (stainless steel core process)
AOD argon oxygen decarbonization furnace, controlling carbon content and chromium nickel composition; 304L and 316L low-carbon grades strictly control the C element to prevent intergranular corrosion during subsequent welding.
Continuous casting (continuous casting)
Continuous pouring of molten steel, cooling to form stainless steel slab (rectangular thick slab), grinding to remove surface cracks and slag inclusion defects.
Output: Continuous casting slab, used as hot rolling raw material
Phase 2: Hot Rolling Process → Production of Hot Rolled Stainless Steel Coil
Applicable thickness: 3.0-14mm
Slab heating
The heating furnace is heated to 1150-1250 ℃, and austenitic stainless steel is plasticized at high temperatures.
Rough rolling: Repeatedly rolling thick billets to thin the middle billet
Precision rolling: Multiple stand continuous rolling, rolling to the target thickness
Laminar cooling: Control the coiling temperature to stabilize the metallographic structure
Hot coil: Roll into black hot-rolled mother coil (with thick oxide skin on the surface)
Hot rolling pickling production line
Shot blasting+mixed acid pickling (nitric acid+hydrofluoric acid) to remove oxide scale;
Finishing, inspection, and rolling
Ultrasonic testing, dimensional inspection, and surface inspection to obtain hot-rolled stainless steel coils.
Application: Stainless steel tower body, pressure vessel, thick plate welded parts.
Phase 3: Cold rolling process (using hot-rolled coils as raw materials) → Production of cold-rolled stainless steel coils
Finished product thickness: 0.03-3.0mm, all 2B, BA, and brushed substrates on the market come from this line
Ingredient Preparation
Hot rolled coil, surface inspection, welding edge, cutting head and tail.
Continuous acid washing
Remove the hot-rolled oxide scale to ensure the quality of the cold-rolled plate surface.
Cold rolling (core)
Mainstream equipment: Twenty high rolling mill (Sengemir rolling mill)
Reduce thickness by multiple presses at room temperature; The amount of rolling deformation determines the degree of subsequent work hardening.
Small deformation: later made into soft ANN board
Large deformation capacity: capable of producing 301 hard raw materials for elastic stainless steel strips
Annealing treatment (determining material mechanical properties)
Two routes:
① Continuous annealing pickling line (AP line)
Annealing in air → Acid washing to remove oxide layer → Obtaining 2B surface stainless steel coil (the most commonly used in the market)
② Bright Annealing Furnace (BA Furnace)
Annealing in a pure hydrogen protective atmosphere, without oxidation or acid washing, directly produces BA glossy surface coil material
Finishing section
Flattening (quenching and tempering rolling): eliminate yield lines and improve the flatness of the board surface
Trimming: trimming the edges of both sides of the steel strip to meet the width tolerance
Surface inspection, defect marking, thickness re inspection
Re rolling, packaging and storage
Roll according to customer weight and protect packaging.
Produce finished cold-rolled stainless steel coils (2B/BA) here
3、 Subsequent deep processing procedures
Additional processing after customer purchases steel coils:
Slitting: Stainless steel coil precision longitudinal cutting, processed into stainless steel strip (elastic element raw material)
Kaiping: Spreads and cuts into stainless steel plates
Surface processing: NO.4 wire drawing, 8K mirror polishing
Heat treatment: re tempering for special hardness requirements
4、 Comparison of Two Minimalist Stainless Steel Coil Processes
Hot rolled stainless steel coil
Steel billet heating → hot rolling → coiling → acid washing → finished coil
Features: Short process, large thickness, suitable for thick cylinders and pressure vessels
Cold rolled stainless steel coil (2B)
Hot rolled mother coil → acid pickling → cold rolling thinning → annealing and acid pickling → leveling and finishing → finished coil
Features: Smooth surface, high precision, thin plate and sheet metal stamping
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